ADRB2 and osteoporosis: Karsak et al. found that two missense variants (the double single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2502992–rs2501432 and Gln63Arg; rs2229579 and His316Tyr) are associated with osteoporosis in postmenopausal Caucasian women,21 while Li et al. found that MTNR1B rs3781638 is associated with osteoporosis in Chinese geriatrics.127 The ADRB2 polymorphism (rs1042714) was also associated with heterotopic ossification in adult trauma patients with fractures.128EDG226 and H4R23 were associated with human osteoarthritis (OA) in Japanese people.