In mice that were immunized with the DC vaccine and anti‐CAF, the expression of TGF‐β was significantly reduced, which effectively reduced Tregs.107 Additionally, reducing SDF‐1 expression by inhibiting CAFs may be related to a decrease in Tregs migration in the TME, in which blockade of the CXCR4‐CXCL12 axis prevented Tregs from migrating to the TME.108 When combined with anti‐CAF therapy, the efficacy of the DC vaccine increased, which contributed to the effective inhibition of tumour growth and reduced the level of immunosuppressive cytokines in tumour tissues. Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.