The vaccine successfully reduced the growth of 4T1 tumours by producing a specific CTL response to FAPα that killed CAFs.100 FAPα‐based vaccines may be used to induce FAPα‐specific CTLs to kill CAFs and destroy immunosuppressive components in the TME.101, 102 These vaccines can also reduce the risk of immune escape, which is an advantage that tumour‐associated antigen (TAA) does not have. Here, FAP is linked to neoplasm.