In addition, the expression of chemotactic factors including CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 was significantly higher in BM than in primary lung cancer; CXCR4 may improve the adhesion and chemoresistance of lung cancer cells, leading to BM (Chen et al. 2011; Paratore et al. 2011).One study of mice has shown that WNT/TCF signaling plays an important role in the formation of brain and bone metastasis through LEF1 and HOXB9 (Nguyen et al. 2009). This evidence concerns the gene LEF1 and lung carcinoma.