MTOR and Kidney Cyst: The current evidence and research progress showed three main signaling pathways including B-Raf/methyl ethyl ketone (MEK)/extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) signaling cascade, mTOR, and nuclear factor of activated T-cell (NFAT) pathways involving increased cell proliferation, fluid secretion, and kidney cyst development seen in ADPKD which may arise due to either the loss of polycystin complex function or an imbalance in the PC1/PC2 ratio [7, 29].