SOX9 and cancer: Both staining methods showed that all markers were expressed predominantly in epithelial cells (all but SOX2 were also expressed both in the normal mucosa and the cancer cells); CDX2, SOX2, and SOX9 were expressed predominantly in the cell nuclei, whereas E-cadherin was expressed in the cell membrane and cytoplasm, and β-catenin was expressed in all cellular compartments (Fig. 1).