TMPRSS2 and prostate carcinoma: Recent high-resolution genome-wide studies have significantly improved our understanding of chromosomal and genetic alterations associated with prostate cancer development, such as the androgen-driven formation of gene fusions between the transmembrane serine protease TMPRSS2 and a member of the oncogenic ETS transcription factor family like ERG in about 50% of all prostate cancer cases, and frequent loss of the tumour suppressor gene PTEN [4, 8, 9].