Members of both the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) classes of anti-hyperglycemic drugs have demonstrated cardio- and reno-protective effects in cardiovascular outcomes trials (CVOTs) conducted in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This evidence concerns the gene GCG and diabetes mellitus.