CCL2 and viral infectious disease: PCLS isolated from non-sensitized mice showed a strong antiviral response to active viral infection, which resulted in enhanced secretion of IFN-α (0.4 vs. 112 pg/mg), IFN-β (31 vs. 779 pg/mg), IFN-γ (7 vs. 25 pg/mg), MCP-1 (73 vs. 313 ng/mg), TNF-α (2.5 vs. 3.2 ng/mg), and IP-10 (9 vs. 60 ng/mg) (Fig. 2).