These infants, who have an uncertain long-term outcome (CF vs. CFTR-related disorder vs. healthy), have been designated as CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-related metabolic syndrome (CRMS) or CF screen positive inconclusive diagnosis (CFSPID) (also known as CRMS/CFSPID in the most recent international joint consensus) [1, 2]. Here, CFTR is linked to cystic fibrosis.