Interestingly, results consistently showed that patients harboring positive expression of SOX2 (either SOX2 > 10% or SOX2any) and NANOG (either cytoplasmic or nuclear expression) significantly exhibited a much higher risk of developing oral cancer, compared to patients with positive expression of either SOX2 or NANOG or those patients with negative expression (Table 5). Here, NANOG is linked to lip and oral cavity carcinoma.