IFNB1 and multiple sclerosis: Of note, in our previously characterized cohort of multiple sclerosis patients (Menezes et al., 2014; Van Weyenbergh et al., 2001), IFN-β therapy in vivo did not significantly change monocyte or lymphocyte counts, nor did it increase the ML ratio after three months of treatment in patients with documented clinical response (data not shown), supporting the idea that type I IFN by itself is not sufficient to cause monocyte expansion in vivo.