VCAM1 and injury: Damage to endothelial cells due to infection, inflammation, autoimmune reaction or skin injury leads to the secretion of cytokines and adhesion molecules (intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), E-selectin, CXCL-8), resulting in the recruitment of immune cells (lymphocytes, macrophages) [3, 27, 29].