LCN2 and Renal insufficiency: In the current study, we analyzed the relationship between plasma TNF-α, IL-6, ET-1, and 8-OHdG with eGFR in T2DM patients with normoalbuminuria and evaluated the role of indicators of tubulointerstitial damage (neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), retinol-binding protein (RBP), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and E-cadherin) in the urine as potential biomarkers for normoalbuminuric renal insufficiency in T2DM.