TNF and type 2 diabetes mellitus: After adjusting for potential confounding factors (age, SBP, and HB), logistic regression analyses revealed that age (odds ratio (OR) = 1.041, 95% CI 1.000-1.084, p < 0.001), TNF-α (OR = 131.481, 95% CI 9.289-1,861, p = 0.048), and 8-OHdG (OR = 4.593, 95% CI 274.062-76,980, p < 0.001) were independent risk factors for renal insufficiency in T2DM patients with normoalbuminuria (Figure 1(c)).