PPARG and allergic asthma: After the binding of leptin to ATII cells, surfactant is produced to ensure normal lung function.191,192 Downregulation of PPARγ induces the trans-differentiation of lipofibroblasts to myofibroblasts and dysregulates the differentiation of ATII cells, leading to decreased production of surfactants and therefore abnormal lung development.192 Although PPARγ agonists can support normal lung function and inhibit dyspnea, they can modulate the PTHrP-PPARγ pathway, resulting in pulmonary dysfunction, especially in allergic asthma.