For example, NSCLC and RCC patients with favorable responses to anti-PD-1 treatment are characterized by enhanced fecal levels of Akkermansia muciniphila in comparison with nonresponders.457 Compared with mice colonized with the microbiome from nonresponder donors, GF mice receiving fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) of material derived from responders (containing A. muciniphila) display much more advantageous therapeutic responses to anti-PD-1 mAb. Here, PDCD1 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.