Epidemiological studies have revealed that higher dietary intake of EL precursors and higher serum concentrations of EL are correlated with decreased breast cancer risk and mortality, as well as more satisfactory survival time, particularly in postmenopausal breast cancer patients.433 In animal experiments, EL exerts its anti-breast cancer functions by inhibiting NF-κB-mediated inflammation,434 TGF-β-induced EMT,435 and cancer cell viability.436. Here, TGFB1 is linked to breast cancer.