Quantifying the proportion of ‘favorable’’ and ‘unfavorable’’ bacteria in patients reveals that a ratio of "favorable" microbiome to "unfavorable" microbiome >1.5 is highly associated with remarkably improved efficacy.460 The association between the gut microbiome and the response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in Chinese patients with NSCLC has also been revealed for the first time. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.