For instance, in anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-carrying T-cell lymphoma, PD-L1 expression can be induced by ALK signal transducer, and this function is also observed in signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in chemoresistant NSCLC (35). The gene discussed is ALK; the disease is T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.