VDR and cancer: Nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR) is an intracellular polypeptide that binds to the active vitamin D metabolite, 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2-D3), and then interacts with the chromatin, producing a variety of genomic effects (13, 14), such as pleiotropic regulation of human physiology, protection of the cardiac system, cancer prevention, and modulation of the immune system (15, 16).