CHRNA5 and alcohol dependence: We note that even the association of Alcohol Dehydrogenase 1B (Class I), Beta Polypeptide (ADH1B)-rs1229984 with alcohol use/problems, and Cholinergic Receptor Nicotinic Alpha 5 Subunit (CHRNA5)-rs16969968 with cigarette smoking, two of the most robust and replicable genetic effects in the substance use literature, have been found to differ as a function of trauma exposure13,23,24.