In this context, a major breakthrough in the understanding of melanoma biology was the identification of the BRAFV600E mutation [3], which contributed to the development of anti-oncogenic compounds targeting activated mutant BRAF. Indeed, up to 50% of melanomas derived from the skin without chronic sun damage bear mutations in the BRAF gene, with BRAFV600E representing up to 90% of the activating mutations [4]. This evidence concerns the gene BRAF and melanoma.