The ectopic expression of NDI1 in DGUOK KO LLC cells was able to rescue tumor formation at the 1 × 105 cell dilution (8 out of 8), but not at higher dilutions (1 × 104 or 1 × 103) suggesting at least partial rescue of cancer cell stemness in DGUOK KO cells by restoration of mitochondrial OXPHOS (Fig 6F). The gene discussed is DGUOK; the disease is cancer.