Profound anaemia (Hb<4g/dl) was associated with the highest fatality 97/1,143(8.5%) compared to 164/2,326 (7.1%) with severe anaemia (Hb ≥4.0-<6g/dl); 627/9,457 (6.6%) with moderate anaemia (≥6.0-<9.0 g/dl) and 660/16,300 (4.0%) without anaemia (Hb≥9g/dl) (Table 1). This evidence concerns the gene GSTM1 and anemia (phenotype).