YBX1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: For example, in doxorubicin-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma cells, YB-1 is overexpressed, which in turn transcriptionally upregulates the expression of PD-L1 and decreases the secretion of the chemokines IL1β, IL10, and TGFβ in vitro (Tao et al., 2019).