Intriguingly, the activation of either NOD1 or NOD2 leads to different outcomes in mouse models of T2DM: NOD1/2 double-knockout mice (Schertzer et al., 2011) and NOD1 knockout mice (Amar et al., 2011) were protected from HFD-induced insulin resistance. Here, NOD1 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.