TGFB1 and cancer: As transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily signaling plays an important role in the occurrence and development of cancer (14–16), and TIF1γ was reported to be involved in the regulation of TGF-β superfamily signaling (17, 18), recent studies on TIF1γ have focused on its role in tumorigenesis (10, 19–24).