In K562 cells, the combination treatment suppressed NF-κB expression to 63.03% and 20.61% relative to the control group, while in K562/RA cells, expression decreased to only 4.02% and 1.75% that of the control group (Figure 6C and D), suggesting that ATO and Rsv act synergistically to induce apoptosis in cells by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway, particularly in drug-resistant leukemia cells. Here, NFKB1 is linked to leukemia.