A series of studies reported the upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-8, and IL-18, in vvIBDV infection both in vitro and in vivo (Stoute et al., 2013; Rasoli et al., 2015; Quan et al., 2017). The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is infection.