Furthermore, for six equations (Equations 4, 9, 11, 13, 14, and 15), diabetes outcome was also defined as self-reported diagnosis of diabetes (e.g., Having been told they had diabetes by a physician or other medical professional); medical record documentation of a diabetes diagnosis; or self-reported initiation of oral hypoglycemic or insulin treatment (Tables 1, 3). This evidence concerns the gene INS and diabetes mellitus.