Surprisingly, during basal conditions the release of IL-1α from PBMCs obtained from stable COPD patients (median ± SEM: 127.9 ± 28.2) was significantly higher than that released from Poly dA:dT-stimulated exacerbated COPD-derived PBMCs (median ± SEM: 43.27 ± 4.43) (Figure 1A, red bars vs. black bars). The gene discussed is IL1A; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.