CUL4A and cancer: Cul4A is reportedly aberrantly expressed in a plethora of cancers including breast cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, pleural mesothelioma (Shinomiya et al., 1999; Yasui et al., 2002; Melchor et al., 2009; Hung et al., 2011), and lung cancer (Wang et al., 2014), and its overexpression contributes to tumor progression, metastasis and poor prognosis (Wang et al., 2014).