SMAD4 and neoplasm: Figure 7F from left to right shows the control, LY-alone, IR-alone and LY with IR groups. TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and N-cadherin expressions were significantly upregulated in tumor xenografts treated with IR alone but were decreased after LY with IR treatment. The expressions of SMAD4 and E-cadherin were significantly downregulated in tumor xenografts with IR treatment alone and were restored in the LY pretreatment group. The LY with IR group showed decreased Ki-67 expression. The staining indices differed statistically (Supplementary Figure 3B).