TNF and Sepsis: We found that CD14+CD16+ (intermediate) and CD14−CD162+ (nonclassical) monocytes from patients with sepsis with high levels of TSLP (over the mean value) produced significantly increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, including IL‐1β, IL‐6, matrix metalloproteinase‐9 and TNF‐α, as compared with those isolated from patients with low TSLP levels (Fig. 2B,C).