Comparison of our MSD data with a comparable study of plasma cytokines in systemic lupus erythematosus, an IFN-driven autoimmune disorder, revealed that all 11 cytokines measured in both studies were significantly elevated in both conditions45, supporting the notion that the inflammatory profile of DS could be associated with increased IFN signaling (Supplementary Data 14). Here, IFNA1 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.