These cytokines have been established to be pro-inflammatory and detrimental in dystrophic pathology.22, 59, 60 In addition, we measured IL-10 and IL-15 that have been previously reported to ameliorate the severity of muscular dystrophy in mdx mice.61, 62, 63 These cytokines were significantly lowered in D2-mdx mice compared with WT mice serum (Figures 5J and 5K). Here, IL10 is linked to muscular dystrophy.