INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: In an experimental model of T2D, treatment with formononetin improves insulin sensitivity and reduces hyperglycemia by activating sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), an important regulator of energy metabolism that is involved in the regulation of insulin production and sensitivity and controls co-regulators, such as nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), FOXO proteins, and PPAR-γ in pancreatic β cells [39].