NPPA and cardiac hypertrophy: Expression of established biomarkers atrial natriuretic peptide A (Nppa) and B (Nppb), which are associated with cardiac hypertrophy and strongly upregulated in the ventricular myocardium during cardiac stress (Man, Barnett, & Christoffels, 2018; Newman, Nguyen, Watson, Hull, & Yu, 2017), significantly increased in old WT mice when compared with old NLRP3 mice.