Three further studies using the Baron and Kenny method reported evidence that DNA methylation might mediate the following effects: (1) the effect of in utero exposure to GDM on childhood cardiometabolic traits (specifically, differential methylation around VCAM-1 [also known as VCAM1]) [34]; (2) the effect of maternal hyperglycaemia on offspring leptin levels at birth [35]; and (3) the effect of gestational type 2 diabetes on type 2 diabetes risk in offspring [36]. Here, VCAM1 is linked to gestational diabetes.