TNF and neoplasm: Vδ2+ γδ T cells are the predominant subtype in the blood, accounting for 2–5% of circulating CD3+ lymphocytes.60 These cells express a TCR with preferential pairing of Vδ2 and Vγ9 chains, and mediate effective antitumor immunity directly through cytotoxicity via perforin and granzymes, or indirectly through IFN‐γ and TNF production (Figure 2).3 Recognition of tumor cells by Vγ9+Vδ2+ T cells can occur through a host of cell surface receptors for self and non‐self ligands, including TCR recognition of tumor antigen and stress ligand receptors.