At the same time, despite exclusion of patients with CNS metastases in all of the early clinical trials targeting another immune checkpoint PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, a single-center phase II study of anti-PD-1 pembrolizumab in patients with melanoma and NSCLC-derived brain metastases showed promising results [67]. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.