In accordance with these studies, using data from TCGA databases we observed significantly higher levels of CD40, CD40LG, CD27, CD70, TNFRSF4 (OX40), TNFSF4 (OX40L), TRAF2, TRAF5, IL-2 and IL-2RA expression in Bhi samples compared to Blo HNSCC tumors. Here, TRAF2 is linked to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.