The increased levels of S100A4 in mutant SOD1 fibroblasts were concomitant with overexpression of both mTOR (Figure 7C) and NF-κB (Figure 7D) levels, suggesting an alteration of these pathways in peripheral ALS cells, such as fibroblasts from patients with SOD1 pathogenic variants. This evidence concerns the gene S100A4 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.