PPARGC1A and Infertility: In addition, the transcriptional factors (TFs) associated with sperm motility and capacitation (PPARGC1A), and free radical scavenging system (NFE2L2 and HSF2) were predicted to be activated in the spermatozoa of idiopathic infertile men post-antioxidant treatment after upstream transcriptional regulator analysis (Figure 5).