The results showed anemia (vs. no anemia) tended to be associated with an increase in BDNF Z-score of 0.45 (95% CI: 0.17–1.07, p = 0.14); this relationship appears stronger in females (β = 0.65, p = 0.08) than males (β = 0.24, p = 0.59), although there is no evidence of sex difference (p = 0.45). Here, BDNF is linked to anemia.