NFKB1 and viral infectious disease: Viral infections also induce apoptosis (Penny and Tyler, 2009; Kinpara et al., 2013), and apoptosis induced by virus has been found to be related to activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, NF-κB, and p53 pathways (Kinpara et al., 2013; Guo et al., 2016a; Zhang et al., 2018).