TP53 and breast cancer: Furthermore, genome-wide association studies have identified many novel breast cancer vulnerability variants such as hereditary risk factors, encompassing four sporadic high-penetrance transcriptomes (BRCA1, BRCA2, TP53, and PTEN), four sporadic moderate: penetrance transcriptomes (CHEK2, ATM, BRIP1, and PALB2), and around twenty common low-penetrance variants in 19 genes or loci (6, 7).