In a previous study, elevated CAF-derived exosomal miR-196a levels were shown to be correlated with cisplatin resistance in HNSCC through targeting cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) N1B and inhibitor of growth family member 5 (ING5), indicating that this miRNA may serve as a promising predictor of cisplatin resistance and poor survival in HNSCC (60). Here, CDKN1B is linked to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.