CCR4 and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma: Depending on the country, current ATLL treatments may include a combination of interferon (IFN) and Zidovudine (AZT), allogeneic stem cell transplantation, or mogamulizumab, a humanized anti-CCR4 monoclonal antibody (Gill et al., 1995; Hermine et al., 2002; Tsukasaki et al., 2009; Subramaniam et al., 2012), however, these treatments are ineffective against some ATLL forms, and in cases of relapse (Phillips et al., 2016).