Kupffer cells that are well known to be involved in regulating hepatic inflammation expand rapidly in the early stages of NAFLD by secreting cytokines and chemokines, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5), to trigger a pro-inflammatory response [70,132,133,134]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.