CCL2 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Furthermore, in two animal models of NAFLD induced by either HF and high-fructose diet or HF and high-cholesterol diet, ovariectomized female mice showed enhanced proliferation and infiltration of F4/80-positive macrophages in the liver with elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, MCP-1, CCR2, interferon-γ, and nitric oxide synthase 2, compared with sham-operated female mice [146,147].