TGFB1 and neoplasm: In the present study, we demonstrated that treatment with a TGF-β R1-Ki (CAS 396129-53-6) significantly reduced the expression of phospho-SMAD2 (an indicator of the TGF-β signal transduction [27]), which reduced osteoclast induction and osteolysis, and suppressed tumor cell proliferation in the bone micro-E.