Using an antisense nucleotide oligo (ASO) of TGF-β and a neutralizing antibody, we previously demonstrated that the involvement of TGF-β in osteoclast induction was associated with the growth of prostate cancer and breast cancer in the bone micro-E [16,17], and proposed TGF-β signaling as a therapeutic target. Here, TGFB1 is linked to Familial prostate cancer.