FAS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Taken together, our results indicate that the downregulation of transcription factors such as C/EBPα, PPARγ, and SREBP-1c, followed by the downregulation of FAS and aP2 and the upregulation of CPT1 and HSL, resulting from GPE treatment are part of the mechanism by which GPE exhibits anti-obesity effects.