CCL2 and diabetes mellitus: Higher levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), a chemokine involved in the recruitment of the inflammatory cells in the peripheral tissues, have been demonstrated in subjects with DKD respect to controls and, interestingly, the supplementation with vitamin E has been associated with a reduction of MCP-1 plasma levels [17], confirming a possible positive effect of vitamin E on inflammation related to diabetes.